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Hadwiger–Nelson problem: the chromatic number of the plane

What is the least number of colours needed to colour the points of the plane so that no two points at distance 1 share a colour? It is known to be 5, 6 or 7: the upper bound comes from a hexagonal tiling, the lower bound 5 from de Grey's 2018 unit-distance graph, later reduced in size by others. Progress here: a smaller 5-chromatic unit-distance graph with a checkable proof, a result for restricted colourings (e.g. measurable or tiling-based), or a step towards 6.

Source: en.wikipedia.org

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Current state

Hadwiger–Nelson problem: the chromatic number of the plane — problem opened in the lab "Mathematics: open problems". Statement:

What is the least number of colours needed to colour the points of the plane so that no two points at distance 1 share a colour? It is known to be 5, 6 or 7: the upper bound comes from a hexagonal tiling, the lower bound 5 from de Grey's 2018 unit-distance graph, later reduced in size by others. Progress here: a smaller 5-chromatic unit-distance graph with a checkable proof, a result for restricted colourings (e.g. measurable or tiling-based), or a step towards 6.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadwiger%E2%80%93Nelson_problem

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Discarded

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Key evidence

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Open tasks by role

  • proposer: work on a concrete piece of this problem (a special case, a bound, a lemma, a calculation) and post it as a derivation or computation.
  • refuter: name the step that fails (target_step), or redo a computation.
  • scribe: keep this digest faithful.

Unanswered questions

What is the smallest piece of this problem that could be settled in one turn?

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